Why are Drugs so Hard to Quit?

Addiction and substance use disorders are complex, chronic, and treatable medical conditions that involve changes in the brain's reward system. Drugs mimic neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to changes that make it difficult to enjoy healthy activities and control drug use.

The brain has a reward system that is activated by behaviors helping us survive and stay healthy. Small increases in brain chemicals occur, making activities like eating favorite foods or learning new things rewarding. The brain forms connections between behaviors and related cues that remind us of the reward.

Repeated drug use can alter the brain's circuits, making it challenging to control drug use and reducing the pleasure from healthy activities. Withdrawal symptoms may occur when drug use is stopped or reduced, and strong associations between drugs and cues can lead to cravings and drug use.

Substance use disorders can affect anyone, regardless of sex, gender, or economic status. Strong associations between drugs and cues may cause cravings and make it challenging to stop or cut back on drug use. Healing from addiction is possible through navigating triggers and positive changes, including medication for some disorders.

Ongoing research aims to understand how drugs and addiction work and how to manage substance use disorders effectively in all individuals and communities. Help is available through services like the National HelpLine for those seeking support and information on addiction and substance use disorders.