Summary
The Progressive Era in the US, starting around 1900, was a period of significant societal change marked by the shift from laissez-faire policies to active government involvement in addressing social issues. Muckrakers like Upton Sinclair and Frank Norris played crucial roles in exposing injustices through their literature, leading to government reforms like the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. Figures like Teddy Roosevelt and Robert La Follette advocated for breaking up monopolies, promoting worker rights, and implementing direct democracy initiatives such as the direct primary. This era was a turning point in American history towards a more socially conscious and reform-oriented government approach.
Progressive Era Overview
The Progressive Era in the US began around 1900 and marked the transition from laissez-faire policies to active government involvement in societal issues like child labor, unions, environment, trusts, and monopolies. It was characterized by grassroots movements and reformers who aimed to expose social injustices and bring about change through government intervention.
Muckrakers and Upton Sinclair
Muckrakers like Upton Sinclair played a significant role in the Progressive Era by exposing social issues through literature. Sinclair, a socialist, wrote 'The Jungle' to shed light on the harsh working conditions of the underclass in America's slaughterhouses, leading to public outrage and government reforms such as the Food and Drug Administration.
Antitrust Measures and Reform
Progressives targeted monopolies and trusts that controlled the economy and workers' lives. Authors like Frank Norris highlighted these issues through works like 'The Octopus.' The Sherman Antitrust Act was instrumental in breaking up monopolies and promoting competition. Teddy Roosevelt, known for his trust-busting efforts, advocated for environment conservation and worker rights.
The Wisconsin Idea and Democratic Reforms
The Wisconsin Idea, championed by figures like Robert La Follette, emphasized direct democracy and government as enablers of progress. It introduced reforms like the direct primary to empower citizens in the decision-making process.
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