Sleep walking, night terrors, and nightmares - Dr Antonio Zadra | Sleep Expo 2019 Vancouver.

Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism, is a parasomnia characterized by performing activities while asleep, such as sitting up in bed, rearranging furniture, and even leaving the house, posing risks like driving automobiles and legal implications during episodes. It is more common in children, with around 15% experiencing episodes, and tends to occur in the non-REM sleep stage. Genetics play a role in sleepwalking, with about 80% of adult sleepwalkers having a family member with the disorder.

Night terrors, or sleep terrors, are abrupt awakenings from deep sleep accompanied by intense panic and autonomic activation like sweating and rapid heart rate. Individuals experiencing night terrors may scream loudly and exhibit unresponsive behavior, which can be distressing for observers. These episodes most commonly occur in children and can be difficult to console, but they typically subside on their own. Genetics and gender play roles in the occurrence of night terrors.

Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that cause fear, anxiety, or discomfort, typically themed around survival, security, or emotional concerns. They often occur during REM sleep and can lead to immediate awakening and distress. Nightmares are prevalent in both children and adults, with effective treatment options like imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) available to alleviate the frequency and intensity of these episodes. Gender differences and psychological factors influence nightmare occurrence.