Summary
The Otto Cycle is the ideal process for internal combustion engines, with four key strokes: compression, power, exhaust, and intake. It starts with compressing an air-fuel mixture, followed by combustion to generate power as the gases push the piston down. This cycle repeats, assuming ideal conditions with isentropic compression and expansion processes. Key calculations involve thermal efficiency based on specific work, heat addition, and rejection processes, often with a common compression ratio of 9 for gasoline engines.
Otto Cycle Overview
The Otto Cycle is the ideal cycle for gasoline or internal combustion engines. It involves four main strokes - compression, power, exhaust, and intake.
Compression Stroke
The cylinder is filled with an air-fuel mixture and compressed, increasing pressure. A spark plug triggers combustion in the mixture.
Power Stroke
The expansion stroke where the hot, high-pressure gases push the piston down, generating power.
Exhaust Stroke
The piston pushes out the exhaust gases to prepare for the next cycle.
Intake and Restart
Fresh air-fuel mixture is brought in, the valve closes, and the cycle repeats. The ideal Otto cycle simplifies the process and assumes ideal conditions.
Isentropic Compression
The first stroke is an isentropic compression process, assuming perfect insulation and adiabatic conditions.
Isentropic Expansion
The expansion stroke is an isentropic process, with combustion products rushing out due to high pressure.
Heat Addition and Rejection
Heat addition and rejection occur without work being done, affecting the internal energy of the system.
Thermal Efficiency Calculation
The thermal efficiency equation is based on net specific work, heat addition, and rejection processes.
Ideal Gas Relations
Using relationships for ideal gases, pressure, temperature, and volume changes are analyzed in the Otto cycle.
Compression Ratio and Temperature Calculation
A compression ratio of 9 is common in the Otto cycle. Temperature calculations during the heat addition process are explained in detail.
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