[Mastère Spécialisé® BIM] Conférence inaugurale de Jean Carassus "Capitalisme et Biosphère"

The speaker introduces himself and his background in economics. He talks about the theme of the conference being capitalism and biosphere and the importance of long-term historical perspective, complexity, and optimism.

Discusses the concepts of market economy, capitalism, and the historical perspectives of economic structures, including the role of monopolies and oligopolies in accumulating capital.

Explores the three successive industrial revolutions, their impact on production and consumption, and the role of innovation in transforming economic systems.

Addresses the intersection of capitalism with the biosphere, focusing on climate change, resource exploitation, and biodiversity loss. Emphasizes the need for decarbonization and sustainability in economic practices.

Examines the impact of human activities on biodiversity and ecosystems, highlighting the urgent need for conservation efforts and sustainable practices to address the ongoing mass extinction of species.

Discusses the transition to an ecological economy, emphasizing the importance of respecting nature, minimizing carbon emissions, and promoting sustainable development. Points out the challenges and opportunities in integrating economic activities with environmental protection.

Concludes with a message of optimism and the possibility of taking action at various levels to address the challenges posed by the clash between economy and biosphere, highlighting the importance of decarbonization and sustainable practices.

Discusses the gradual elimination of natural gas and coal in construction to reduce carbon emissions. Mentions the importance of decarbonizing construction practices.

Focuses on reducing carbon-intensive lifestyles, emphasizing the impact of income levels on carbon footprints. Suggests ways to decrease carbon footprint based on income and consumption habits.

Addresses the need to rethink production and consumption models fundamentally. Advocates for recycling materials, reducing new product purchases, and decreasing resource consumption.

Highlights the importance of biodiversity conservation in professional projects, advocating for limiting urban development and protecting animal species. Encourages actions to minimize environmental impact and promote biodiversity.

Explores the concepts of pessimism and optimism in the context of environmental challenges. Reflects on the need for a realistic yet hopeful perspective to drive positive change and sustainable actions.

Discusses the potential negative impacts of technology on climate change and the importance of developing new ethical frameworks to guide technological progress. Emphasizes the role of philosophy alongside science in addressing environmental issues.

Speculates on the future of industrial revolutions and the potential transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. Considers the lasting effects of human innovation on the environment and society.