Las ciudades en la antigüedad mediterránea (I) | De Jericó a Babilonia · La March

The speaker expresses gratitude to the Juan Marc foundation for the opportunity to discuss the evolution towards more complex social structures in cities. Acknowledgment is also given to Don Enrique Baquedano for developing the idea of urban formation in the Near East.

The speaker delves into research in the Near East, emphasizing the significance of archaeological findings and the shift in perspectives over the past years. The chapter explores the evolution of archaeological studies in the region.

Changes in archaeological approaches over the past two to three decades are highlighted, focusing on excavations in the Near East and the impact on understanding early cities. The chapter discusses the emergence of new archaeological methodologies and the importance of preventive archaeology.

An exploration of early settlements and the transition to sedentary agricultural and urban lifestyles is detailed. The speaker discusses the shift from circular to rectangular structures, agricultural practices, and social organization during the Neolithic period.

The chapter covers significant architectural discoveries in ancient settlements, including circular houses with central hearths, communal structures, and symbolic religious elements. The evolution from circular to rectangular buildings is emphasized, along with the role of shared spaces in community life.

The surprising discovery of Gobekli Tepe in Turkey is discussed, highlighting its monumental stone pillars, symbolic artwork, and the implications for understanding early agricultural societies. The chapter explores the religious and social significance of the site.

The development of complex social structures linked to early farming communities is examined, focusing on the consolidation of agricultural settlements and the emergence of social organization around communal spaces. The chapter also addresses technological advancements and architectural innovations.

The speaker discusses water management strategies in ancient settlements, including wells and cisterns, as well as the construction of retaining walls for protection. The chapter emphasizes the importance of water resources in sustaining early communities.

Se presentan hallazgos significativos en la zona de Capadocia, incluyendo un yacimiento datado en torno al 7500-7600 y un poblado agrícola con características arquitectónicas sorprendentes.

Se analiza la planta de un poblado datado entre 7300 y 7400, destacando la presencia de espacios de circulación y casas agrupadas que denotan una construcción colectiva diferente.

Se discute la interpretación social y política de un edificio colectivo, con indicios de una posible jefatura o Caudillo, mostrando cambios en la arquitectura con muros espectaculares.

Se mencionan avances en la cerámica, evidenciando cambios en las técnicas de producción y la calidad de las piezas, con la presencia de elementos de almacenamiento y uso del fuego.

Se presenta el yacimiento de Tel-el-Saawan en Irak, datado en torno al 6000-5500, con características arquitectónicas que incluyen una posible estructura defensiva y unidades constructivas distintivas.

Se aborda el desarrollo urbano en Uruk, mencionando la construcción de murallas y templos, así como la expansión de la ciudad hacia el segundo milenio a.C., demostrando la evolución desde los poblados neolíticos hacia complejas ciudades.