Summary
In the mid-17th century, most Britons worked as farmers, but the Industrial Revolution transformed this by shifting labor to urban economies. Key innovations like the hydraulic wheel by Smon and the water frame spinning machine by Orri revolutionized production processes. James Watt's efficient steam engine design, developed in 1769, played a pivotal role in optimizing energy consumption and driving industrial machinery advancements. The introduction of the Jacquard Loom in 1801 further automated textile weaving through punched card pattern creation, foreshadowing modern computing. Overall, the Industrial Revolution brought about significant technological advancements that revolutionized labor practices and productivity.
The Beginning of Industrial Revolution
At the mid-17th century, most British earned a living as farmers, but within 60 years, a significant change occurred with the Industrial Revolution shifting workers from fields to urban economies.
Innovation of Hydraulic Wheel
In 1752, a builder named Smon experimented with hydraulic wheels, proving that a bottom-driven wheel was about twice as effective as a top-driven one.
Invention of Water Frame Spinning Machine
The water frame spinning machine, invented by Orri, revolutionized cotton thread production by automating the spinning process.
James Watt's Steam Engine
James Watt developed an efficient steam engine design in 1769, which used separate condensation to optimize energy consumption and revolutionize industrial machinery.
Matthew Boulton's Business Partnership
Matthew Boulton recognized James Watt's potential and partnered with him, leading to the development and commercial success of Watt's steam engine.
Impact of Industrial Revolution on Labor and Technology
The Industrial Revolution led to significant advancements in technology, such as the development of mechanical looms, impacting labor practices and productivity.
Innovations in Textile Industry
Introduction of Jacquard Loom in 1801 revolutionized textile weaving through automated pattern creation using punched cards, setting the stage for modern computing.
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