Summary
The video discusses how Lima experienced significant demographic changes due to migrations starting in 1940, which led to a demographic explosion and economic modernization in Peru. This migration and urbanization created economic opportunities in various sectors, fostering cultural mestizaje and the growth of economic hubs. However, rapid urbanization also brought challenges like unemployment and inadequate infrastructure, highlighting the impact of these demographic shifts on Lima and the country as a whole.
Historical Overview of Lima in the 20th Century
Lima was positioned as the city where significant demographic phenomena occurred due to large migrations that transformed the city starting from 1940.
Migration Phenomenon in Peru in the 20th Century
The migration phenomenon in Peru during the 20th century led to a demographic explosion in the first half of the century, impacting aspects like food, cleanliness, hygiene, and the significant growth of the Peruvian population.
Economic and Social Changes
The migration and urbanization in Peru led to economic changes by modernizing agriculture, creating economic opportunities in various sectors like industry, construction, and public services. It also fostered cultural mestizaje and created economic hubs.
Challenges of Urbanization
The rapid urbanization in Peru brought challenges as cities were not prepared for the massive arrival of migrants, leading to issues like unemployment, marginalization, and inadequate infrastructure. Lima, as the former capital of the Viceroyalty, stood out in this transformation.
Growth of Lima and Centralization
Lima experienced economic growth, improved infrastructure, and centralization of power, becoming a major city with a population surpassing 10 million. The centralization of resources and services in Lima posed challenges for the country's development and equity.
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