John Rawls y su Teoría de la Justicia - Filosofía del siglo XX

John Rawls was an American philosopher of the 20th century dedicated primarily to political philosophy. His most important work, 'A Theory of Justice,' published in 1971, is credited with reviving the discipline that seemed abandoned by his contemporaries.

Rawls defines justice as equity in the distribution of opportunities, income, and wealth. He believes that if people acted as if they did not know their own situation, they would choose principles that are fair and reasonable, leading to a common understanding of justice.

Rawls proposes two principles of justice: the principle of equal basic rights and duties and the difference principle, which prioritizes the well-being of the least advantaged in society. These principles are grounded in the idea of fairness and reciprocity.

Rawls advocates for a society based on individual liberties, equal opportunities, and the redistribution of wealth for the benefit of the least advantaged. His theory promotes a balance between personal freedoms and social responsibility, aiming to create a more just and equitable society.

Critics have raised concerns about the feasibility and neutrality of Rawls' theory, especially regarding its implications for property rights and economic interventions. However, Rawls' emphasis on ethical autonomy and the pursuit of common good offers a unique perspective on justice and morality in society.