Summary
The small intestine is crucial for digestion and absorption, with three main parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Villi and microvilli increase surface area for absorption, aiding in the breakdown of macromolecules into nutrients like amino acids and fatty acids. Proteolytic enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver assist in this process by breaking down proteins and emulsifying lipids, respectively. Goblet cells secrete mucus to protect the intestine lining, while absorption of nutrients like lipids and glucose occurs in the villi through specialized mechanisms.
Digestion and Absorption in Small Intestine
The majority of digestion and absorption occur in the small intestine, broken down into three main parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Nutrients are absorbed into cells and transported to the circulatory and lymphatic systems. The structure of the small intestine includes villi and microvilli to increase surface area for absorption.
Function of Microvilli and Enzymes
Microvilli and enzymes in the small intestine help break down macromolecules into amino acids and fatty acids for absorption. Specialized proteolytic enzymes aid in this process. The pancreas secretes proteolytic enzymes with a basic pH into the small intestine.
Role of Bile in Lipid Digestion
Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, emulsifies lipids in the small intestine. This process breaks down lipids into smaller pieces for chemical digestion by lipase. Emulsification helps in the digestion and absorption of fats.
Absorption in Small Intestine
Goblet cells in the small intestine secrete mucus to protect the lining from damage. Absorption of nutrients like lipids and triglycerides occurs in the villi, where fatty acids can pass through the cell membrane. Amino acids and glucose are transported into cells via specialized mechanisms.
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