Diabetes Mellitus | Clinical Medicine

This video delves into the distinctions between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, emphasizing the age of onset, autoimmune attack in Type 1, and insulin resistance in Type 2. It explores the mechanisms behind the autoimmune assault on beta cells, gene mutations, immune responses, antibody production, and the risk of hypoglycemia in Type 1 diabetes. Additionally, the video discusses insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, and complications such as amyloid deposition and fibrosis. Moreover, it explains the differences between Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) and Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) in terms of insulin levels, ketogenesis, hyperosmolarity, and clinical presentations. Lastly, it highlights the heightened risks of atherosclerosis, stroke, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease in individuals with diabetes due to abnormalities in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism.