Coal 101


Summary

Coal is a carbon-rich rock formed from ancient plant matter in swampy conditions. With four main types, such as bituminous and anthracite, coal is crucial for heating, electricity production, and steelmaking. Although coal has been a major global electricity source historically, its extraction via underground mining poses significant safety and environmental challenges.


Formation of Coal

Coal is a black or dark brown combustible rock primarily made of carbon formed millions of years ago from decaying ferns, plants, and trees in swamp conditions.

Classification of Coal

Coal is classified into four main types or ranks based on carbon and heat, including bituminous and anthracite.

Coal Extraction

Coal is extracted from the earth through underground mining methods determined by the geology of the coal deposit.

Coal Usage

Coal is used for heating, producing electricity, and as a raw material for steelmaking. It can also be converted into liquid fuels.

Importance of Coal as an Energy Resource

Coal has historically powered the world, providing 40% of global electricity. However, coal mining raises safety and environmental concerns.

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