Cell Biology | DNA Transcription 🧬

Overview of DNA transcription process, including the conversion of double-stranded DNA to RNA with the help of enzymes.

Discussion on the key factors involved in transcription in prokaryotic cells, focusing on the promoter region and RNA polymerase holoenzyme.

Explanation of the components of RNA polymerase holoenzyme, including the core enzyme and the sigma subunit.

Comparison of transcription factors in eukaryotic cells, emphasizing the role of RNA polymerase type 1 and general transcription factors.

Description of the elongation process in transcription, including the reading and synthesis of RNA from DNA, as well as proofreading by RNA polymerase.

Brief discussion on gene regulation mechanisms in eukaryotic cells, focusing on enhancers and silencers.

Explanation of the initiation stage in transcription, highlighting the promoter region and specific nucleotide sequences involved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Overview of the termination stage in transcription, detailing the mechanisms of rho-dependent and rho-independent termination in prokaryotic cells, as well as polyadenylation in eukaryotic cells.

Discussion on post-transcriptional modifications, including 5' capping, splicing, and 3' polyadenylation of RNA molecules to produce mature mRNA.

Explanation of the roles of exons and introns in coding for amino acids and protein synthesis.

Overview of the splicing process involving removal of introns and stitching together exons with the help of snurps.

Detailed explanation of the mechanism of splicing involving snurps, nucleotide sequences, and cleaving at splice sites.

Explanation of alternative RNA splicing where different combinations of exons lead to the production of multiple proteins from the same gene.

Discussion on RNA editing focusing on a specific type involving nucleotide sequence modification in mRNA.