Burgerlijke Cultuur 2 : De Republiek als wereldmacht

Protestantism in European countries in the 16th century emphasized hard work, leading to economic prosperity. Luxuries were discouraged, and thriftiness was valued. Sundays were important for religious worship, and literacy was promoted through the translation of the Bible and the establishment of universities.

Artists and composers in Protestant regions integrated religious messages into their works. Still life paintings, especially vanitas paintings, contained symbolic messages about the transient nature of life. Music also played a significant role, with composers like Sweelinck and Jan Pieterszoon contributing to the cultural landscape.

During the Golden Age, the Dutch Republic emerged as a colonial power, with significant trade activities in regions like Japan, Brazil, and Suriname. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) played a crucial role in these endeavors, establishing trade networks and protecting Dutch interests overseas.

The growing wealth and status of Amsterdam during the Golden Age led to architectural advancements. The construction of the Amsterdam City Hall, designed by a renowned architect, reflected the city's prosperity. The city also saw the development of private museums and cultural institutions.

The theater play 'Gijsbrecht van Amstel' by Vondel became a symbol of Dutch national identity and love for Amsterdam. The play reflected themes of loyalty, sacrifice, and pride in the city's history. Vondel's work contributed significantly to Dutch literature and cultural heritage.